Blood glucose absorption (None)

Blood glucose absorption refers to the physiological process whereby dietary carbohydrates are digested into monosaccharides—primarily glucose, which is then absorbed through enterocytes lining the small intestine into portal circulation. This occurs mainly via two types of membrane proteins: • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1): Located on the apical surface of enterocytes in the small intestine; uses secondary active transport driven by sodium gradients established by Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase pumps. • Glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2): Facilitates passive diffusion/export across basolateral membranes into portal blood. This tightly regulated system ensures efficient nutrient uptake while maintaining homeostasis. Dysregulation can contribute to metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. While several drugs act on components involved in this pathway—most notably SGLT inhibitors—they do so by targeting specific proteins rather than “blood glucose absorption” as an entity.

Other names

Intestinal glucose absorptionGut glucose uptake

For drugs affecting this process: - Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporters reduces intestinal/renal reabsorption of glucose - Inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes delays conversion and uptake of monosaccharides