Blood group RhCE polypeptide (RhCE) (RhCE)

The RhC antigen is a polymorphic protein component of the Rhesus (Rh) blood group system, specifically encoded by the RHCE gene (UniProt P18577). It is a multi-pass transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of erythrocytes, where it forms a complex with other Rh proteins and the Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) to maintain the structural integrity of the red blood cell membrane (NCBI Gene ID: 6006). Beyond its structural role, the RhCE polypeptide is thought to function as an ammonium transporter, contributing to the maintenance of cation gradients (StatPearls: Blood Group Antigens). The RhC antigen is highly immunogenic and is a frequent cause of alloimmunization in Rh-negative individuals following transfusion or pregnancy. This immune response can lead to clinical complications such as hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), where maternal anti-C antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells (PubMed: 25563499). In clinical practice, the RhC antigen is a target for diagnostic antibodies used in blood typing and is managed through the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or exchange transfusions in cases of severe hemolysis.

Other names

RhC antigenRhesus C antigenRHCERh polypeptide 1RH30ARHCRHERHIXBRHVI

Binding of specific antibodies to the RhC antigen on red blood cells leads to the clearance of these cells by the reticuloendothelial system, preventing or managing alloimmunization.