Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15)

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is a paracrine growth factor secreted by oocytes, vital for early ovarian follicle development and female fertility[1][2][4]. It belongs to the TGF-β superfamily but is structurally unique among BMPs due to missing a key cysteine for intermolecular disulfide bonding, forming non-covalent homodimers or heterodimers with GDF9[1][3]. BMP15 stimulates granulosa cell proliferation, regulates their sensitivity to FSH, and inhibits follicle luteinization and premature differentiation, ensuring proper folliculogenesis and maintenance of the ovarian reserve[1][2]. Mutations or altered expression of BMP15 are linked to various ovarian disorders, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian dysgenesis, and hypergonadotropic ovarian failure[2]. In animal models, BMP15 gene dosage affects ovulation rates and fertility[2]. Therapeutic targeting of BMP15 is currently experimental, but its critical biological role renders it a potential target for future reproductive therapies and a biomarker for ovarian pathologies[2][4].

Other names

BMP15GDF9BBMP-15GDF-9BGrowth/differentiation factor 9BODG2POF4

Drugs targeting BMP15 (hypothetical/future) would likely act by modulating folliculogenesis, affecting FSH sensitivity in granulosa cells, and influencing oocyte signaling pathways.