Brønsted acid

A Brønsted acid is a molecular or ionic species defined by its ability to donate a proton (hydrogen ion, H+) to a recipient Brønsted base (IUPAC Gold Book). In a biological and therapeutic context, the term describes a fundamental chemical property rather than a specific protein target, receptor, or enzyme. Biological systems maintain a strict homeostatic balance of these acids to ensure proper protein folding, enzymatic activity, and membrane potential (NCBI). While not a discrete therapeutic target in the sense of a macromolecule, the regulation of Brønsted acids is a major clinical focus; for instance, excess gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) is a primary driver of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers (StatPearls). Pharmacological intervention typically involves the use of antacids, which act as Brønsted bases to neutralize protons, or drugs like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that target the cellular machinery responsible for acid secretion. Because 'Brønsted acid' is a broad chemical classification encompassing millions of distinct substances, it is considered an incorrect entry for a specific drug-target interaction profile.

Other names

Proton donorBrønsted-Lowry acidH+ donor

Direct chemical neutralization of protons (H+) via acid-base reaction to form water and a conjugate salt (StatPearls).