Breakpoint cluster region–tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 fusion protein (BCR-ABL1)

The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein results from a chromosomal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which fuses the BCR gene on chromosome 22 with the ABL1 gene on chromosome 9. The fusion creates a constitutively active non-receptor tyrosine kinase that drives uncontrolled cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and other oncogenic processes central to the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and some acute lymphoblastic leukemias. The BCR-ABL1 protein is targeted by several tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have revolutionized the treatment of these leukemias.

Other names

Philadelphia chromosome fusion proteinBCR-ABL fusion proteinp210 BCR-ABLp190 BCR-ABLBCR-ABL1 oncoproteinBCR-ABL1 fusion protein

Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity (by direct binding to the ATP-binding site on BCR-ABL1); Some drugs (asciminib) bind the myristoyl pocket—an allosteric site.