Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1)

Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1), also known as p130Cas, is a multi-domain intracellular scaffold/adaptor protein belonging to the Cas family. It is central to the coordination and amplification of signals from growth factor receptors, integrins, and mechanical stimuli via its phosphorylation by kinases such as Src. BCAR1 regulates crucial cellular processes including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and proliferation. In cancer, dysregulated BCAR1 expression and phosphorylation promote tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Although regarded as a potential therapeutic target due to its critical integration of oncogenic signals, BCAR1 is not directly drugged due to its non-catalytic, scaffolding nature. High levels of BCAR1, particularly in its phosphorylated form, serve as a negative prognostic biomarker in cancers such as breast cancer. Key points: - BCAR1 is a core intracellular scaffold protein coordinating tyrosine kinase and integrin signaling for cell motility, adhesion, and survival. - Overexpression or hyperphosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and anti-estrogen resistance in multiple tumor types. - Direct pharmacological targeting is difficult; no specific inhibitors or modulators are in clinical use. - Its network of interactions and central signal integration role make it a biomarker and conceptual target, but also raise safety concerns due to broad involvement in normal cell functions.

Other names

p130CasCASCASS1CRKASCrk-associated substrateCas scaffold protein family member 1CrkasCas scaffolding protein family member 1Crk-associated substrate p130CasCas scaffolding proteinBCAR1 scaffold proteinbreast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1

Not directly druggable; serves as a scaffold that coordinates and amplifies downstream signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), integrins, and small GTPases through tyrosine phosphorylation in response to upstream signals (such as Src family kinases and integrin activation).