C-C motif chemokine 16 (CCL16)

C-C motif chemokine 16 (CCL16) is a secreted protein of the CC chemokine family characterized by two adjacent cysteines, mainly produced by hepatocytes and circulating constitutively at relatively high plasma concentrations in humans[1][2][3][5][6]. It functions as a chemoattractant for lymphocytes and monocytes—though typically only at high concentrations—and not neutrophils[3][5][6]. CCL16 signals primarily through the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5, and may play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the context. It is implicated as a negative regulator in liver disease progression, potentially reducing liver fibrosis, while also being linked to some cancers, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders[4][5]. CCL16 also displays notable myelosuppressive effects, suppressing the proliferation of myeloid precursors[3][6]. Its function appears to be modulated by a unique C-terminal extension which affects binding to glycosaminoglycans and, thus, chemokine activity in tissues[1][2]. Direct drug interactions have not been established, but its roles in immune cell regulation and disease make it a target of research interest for therapeutic modulation in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.

Other names

ILINCKNCC4SCYA16HCC-4LMCMTN-1SCYL4LECLCC-1CKb12Chemokine CC-4Chemokine LECIL-10-inducible chemokineLiver-expressed chemokineLymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractantMonotactin-1Small-inducible cytokine A16

Binds and activates chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5 (all G protein-coupled receptors), leading to cell signaling and recruitment of immune cells[4][5][6]