C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)

C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), commonly known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha), is a small secreted cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It plays a central role in acute and chronic inflammatory responses by recruiting and activating immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, primarily through binding to chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5. CCL3 shows potent chemoattractant and inflammatory properties, including fever induction and stem cell proliferation inhibition, and is directly implicated in infectious diseases (including HIV/AIDS), autoimmune disorders, and bone metabolism. Clinically, it serves as a marker of inflammation and as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory and infectious disease, with ongoing investigation into chemokine receptor antagonists for disease modulation

Other names

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alphaMIP-1-alphaG0/G1 switch regulatory protein 19-1G0S19-1LD78ALPHALD78SCISCYA3PAT 464.1SIS-betaSmall-inducible cytokine A3Tonsillar lymphocyte LD78 alpha protein

Inhibition of HIV entry via competitive binding to CCR5 receptor (CCR5 antagonists) CCR1 antagonists reduce inflammatory cell recruitment by blocking CCL3-CCR1 interaction Modulation of immune cell chemotaxis via blockade of CCR1, CCR4, or CCR5