Target intelligence / Profile preview

C-type lectin-like receptor CD161 (CD161)

Target
CD161
Molecular classification
C-type lectin-like receptor, Type II transmembrane protein
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Overview

CD161 is a type II transmembrane C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on various lymphocyte populations, including NK cells and subsets of T cells. It functions as a marker for innate-like T cells and IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells. Its interaction with its ligand LLT1 modulates immune responses, particularly inhibiting NK cell cytotoxicity. CD161 is implicated in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, viral infection, and cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, its complex and sometimes contradictory functions in different immune cell types pose challenges for therapeutic development.

Other names
Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 1KLRB1
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Mechanism of action

Modulation of immune cell activity via LLT1 interaction.

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Biological functions

Immune response modulationRegulation of NK cell cytotoxicityCytokine production (IL-17, IL-22, IFNγ)Cell signaling
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Disease associations

AutoimmunityChronic inflammationViral infectionCancer
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Safety considerations

Potential for immune dysregulation due to broad expression on immune cells.Unclear signaling function in T cells makes targeted therapies challenging.
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Biomarkers

CD161 expression on T cells as a marker for Th17 cellsCD161 expression on NK cells as a marker for maturation and cytotoxicity

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