C-type lectin receptor (CLR)

C-type lectin receptor refers to a large family of immune receptors characterized by the presence of one or more C-type lectin-like domains (typically carbohydrate-binding domains requiring calcium). These receptors are expressed predominantly on myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and some lymphocyte subsets, including NK cells. Their primary biological role is to sense and bind pathogen-associated carbohydrate structures (glycans), as well as endogenous molecules released during cell damage, thereby functioning as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) essential for innate and adaptive immune response. Upon ligand binding, CLRs trigger signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production, phagocytosis, antigen uptake and presentation, and may modulate T cell differentiation based on the type of ligand engaged. The CLR family encompasses many individual receptors (e.g., Dectin-1, Mincle, DC-SIGN, CLEC9A, LOX-1) with distinct functions and regulatory profiles, making them diverse and multifunctional mediators of immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Dysfunction or aberrant regulation of CLR signaling is implicated in infection, inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer, underscoring their therapeutic relevance.

Other names

C-type lectin-like receptorCTLRCLECPattern recognition receptorPRRLectin receptor

Modulation of innate immune signaling (activation or inhibition) Triggering phagocytosis / antigen presentation Regulating cytokine production and T cell differentiation Interference with pathogen recognition or adhesion