C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)

CXCL12, also known as Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), is a potent chemoattractant belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is involved in directing leukocyte migration during immune responses and plays a crucial role in stem cell homing and retention within bone marrow niches, particularly for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). CXCL12 interacts primarily with the CXCR4 receptor, mediating chemotaxis and other cellular responses. ACKR3/CXCR7 has also been identified as another binding partner for CXCL12. Dysregulation of CXCL12 signaling has been implicated in cancer progression, metastasis, and hematological disorders. SNPs within the CXCL12 gene are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Other names

SDF1Stromal cell-derived factor 1

CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 induces rapid intracellular calcium fluxes leading to directed cell movement (chemotaxis). The N-terminal Lys-Pro residues are critical for activation of CXCR4; RFFESH motif enhances docking/binding affinity with the receptor.