Calcium and zinc ions

Calcium and zinc ions are essential divalent cations that serve as critical components in a wide array of biological processes. Calcium (Ca2+) is a primary signaling molecule involved in muscle contraction, blood clotting, and bone mineralization, while zinc (Zn2+) acts as a structural or catalytic cofactor for thousands of proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes like carbonic anhydrase [1, 3]. In a pharmacological context, these ions are typically addressed through supplementation to treat deficiencies or through chelation therapy to manage toxicity [2, 4]. They are not considered a single therapeutic target; instead, they interact with various specific proteins such as ion channels, transporters, and receptors (e.g., the calcium-sensing receptor) which are the actual drug targets [5]. Therefore, the term "calcium and zinc ions" refers to a grouping of physiological electrolytes rather than a distinct, druggable molecular entity.

Other names

Ca2+Zn2+Divalent cationsCalcium and zinc

Supplementation of mineral deficiencies, chelation of excess metal ions, and modulation of ion-sensing receptors or channels.