Calcium influx in smooth muscle cell

Calcium influx in smooth muscle cells is a crucial physiological process mediated by several types of ion channels, most notably voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels (such as Cav1.2). This influx raises intracellular calcium concentrations, initiating contractile processes (excitation-contraction coupling), regulating cell elasticity and adhesion via effects on the actin cytoskeleton and integrin-mediated extracellular matrix interactions, and is fundamental to the maintenance of vascular tone. Dysregulation of calcium influx contributes to diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification. Drugs that block L-type calcium channels are used therapeutically in cardiovascular disease to induce vasodilation and reduce blood pressure, but can have notable safety concerns due to their effects on other tissues.

Other names

Calcium signaling in smooth muscle cellSmooth muscle cell calcium entryVoltage-gated calcium channel (context-dependent)

Inhibition of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels reduces calcium influx, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Blockade of receptor-operated calcium channels may reduce pathological or agonist-mediated contraction.