Calpain-10 (CAPN10)

Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is an atypical member of the calpain family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases, encoded by the CAPN10 gene in humans[1][5][6]. Unlike classical calpains, it lacks the calmodulin-like calcium-binding domain, possessing a divergent C-terminal domain instead, and does not require Ca²⁺ for proteolytic activity[3][1]. CAPN10 is primarily involved in proteolysis of cytoskeletal proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins, thus modulating actin and microtubule dynamics relevant for processes like insulin secretion and glucose uptake[3][5][6]. Genetic variation in CAPN10 is strongly associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus, influencing insulin secretion/action, adipocyte function, and possibly microvascular biology[6]. While no direct drugs target CAPN10 clinically, its role as a potential therapeutic target remains of interest, especially for metabolic diseases[5][6].

Other names

Calpain-10CAPN10KIAA1845CANP 10Calcium-activated neutral proteinase 10CANP10NIDDM1calpain-like protease CAPN10

Protease inhibition reduces abnormal proteolysis of cytoskeletal or signal transduction proteins; Modulation of insulin secretion via regulation of actin cytoskeletal remodeling[3][6]