Cancer cell surface adenovirus receptors

Cancer cell surface adenovirus receptors refers to a group of membrane proteins that facilitate the attachment and internalization of adenoviral vectors and oncolytic viruses into malignant cells (nih.gov). The most prominent members include the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is the primary receptor for Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), as well as CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) and Desmoglein-2 (DSG2), which are utilized by Species B adenoviruses (nih.gov, Nature Medicine 2011). These receptors are often differentially expressed in tumors; for instance, CAR is frequently downregulated in advanced cancers, while CD46 and DSG2 are often overexpressed, making them attractive targets for retargeted viral therapies (nih.gov). The interaction between the viral fiber knob and these receptors is the first step in a multi-stage process that includes co-receptor binding to alpha-V integrins and subsequent internalization (tandfonline.com). Therapeutic development in this area focuses on engineering viral capsids to optimize binding to these receptors, thereby enhancing the delivery of therapeutic genes or the efficacy of oncolytic cell lysis while minimizing off-target effects such as liver sequestration (nih.gov, tandfonline.com). Additionally, the expression levels of these receptors serve as critical determinants for the efficacy of adenovirus-based interventions in various cancer types (nih.gov).

Other names

Adenovirus entry receptorsOncolytic adenovirus receptorsCoxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)Membrane cofactor protein (CD46)Desmoglein-2 (DSG2)Integrin alpha-V beta-3Integrin alpha-V beta-5Sialic acid receptorsCD80CD86

Viral attachment to the cell surface receptor followed by internalization via co-receptors, leading to viral replication, oncolysis, and/or expression of therapeutic transgenes (nih.gov).