Cancer cell surface viral entry receptors

Cancer cell surface viral entry receptors are a heterogeneous group of membrane proteins that facilitate the attachment and internalization of viruses into malignant cells. These receptors, which include molecules like the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), CD155 (Poliovirus receptor), and Nectin-4, are often upregulated in various cancers, providing a mechanism for selective viral tropism (Kaufman et al., 2015, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery). In oncolytic virotherapy, these receptors are targeted by either naturally occurring or genetically engineered viruses to induce direct oncolysis and stimulate a systemic immune response against the tumor (Wollmann et al., 2012, Journal of Virology). The density and distribution of these receptors on the cell surface are critical determinants of the therapeutic window and overall efficacy of viral-based treatments. Understanding the landscape of these receptors allows for the development of retargeted viruses that can specifically home to tumor cells while minimizing damage to normal tissues. However, the presence of these receptors on some healthy cells remains a significant safety concern, necessitating careful patient selection and viral engineering to minimize off-target effects (Cassel et al., 2010, Gene Therapy).

Other names

Oncolytic virus receptorsViral entry mediatorsTumor-associated viral receptorsViral docking proteins

Viral attachment to specific cell surface receptors followed by internalization, selective replication in cancer cells, and induction of oncolysis and systemic anti-tumor immunity.