Candida species and vaginal microbiota

The vaginal microbiota is a complex ecosystem primarily dominated by Lactobacillus species, which maintain a low pH through lactic acid production to inhibit pathogen overgrowth (NIH, 2023). Candida species, most notably Candida albicans, are opportunistic fungal pathogens that exist as commensals but can cause vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) when the microbial balance is disrupted (StatPearls, 2023). This target entry represents a biological community rather than a single molecular entity, involving interactions between fungal pathogens and commensal bacteria (PubMed, 2022). Therapeutic interventions include azole antifungals, which target the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, and probiotics designed to restore the protective Lactobacillus population (NCBI, 2021). Managing this system is critical for treating infections and preventing the high rates of recurrence associated with vaginal dysbiosis (Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020). The interplay between the host immune system and these microbial populations further complicates the clinical management of vaginal health.

Other names

Vaginal microbiomeVaginal floraVulvovaginal microbiotaCandida spp.

Antifungal agents typically inhibit lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase to disrupt ergosterol synthesis, while probiotics aim to restore microbial balance and lower vaginal pH.