Target intelligence / Profile preview

Capsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (CA (also known as p24))

Target: CA (also known as p24)
Molecular classification: Structural protein, Retroviral capsid, Viral core protein, Other

Overview

The **capsid protein (CA, p24)** of HIV-1 is a principal structural component that forms the conical core of the virion, encasing and protecting the viral RNA genome. CA is produced from the Gag polyprotein via proteolytic cleavage and assembles into hexameric and pentameric lattices to create the mature core structure. It is crucial for multiple steps in the viral life cycle, including uncoating, nuclear import of the viral genome, and interactions with host cell factors. CA is a validated antiviral drug target and the p24 antigen is a widely used diagnostic biomarker for acute HIV infection.

Other names: CAp24HIV-1 capsidHIV-1 CAHIV-1 p24

Mechanism of action

Inhibits capsid assembly/disassembly; Blocks nuclear import of viral DNA; Destabilizes or stabilizes capsid structure preventing correct viral replication

Biological functions

Capsid formationProtection of viral genomeUncoatingNuclear import of viral DNAInteractions with host factors to promote infection

Disease associations

InfectionAIDSOther

Safety considerations

Rapid emergence of resistance (seen with some capsid inhibitors)Broad targeting needed to avoid escape mutants

Interacting drugs

Lenacapavir (an ultra-potent capsid inhibitor)

1 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

p24 antigen (used for detection of acute HIV infection and disease monitoring)

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