Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose through the addition of carboxymethyl groups to the glucopyranose backbone. It is not a biological target such as a receptor or enzyme; rather, it is a chemical compound used extensively as a therapeutic agent and pharmaceutical excipient (PubChem CID 23706213). In clinical applications, CMC serves as the primary active ingredient in many lubricant eye drops designed to treat dry eye syndrome by stabilizing the tear film and providing mucoadhesive protection to the ocular surface (StatPearls, NBK470411). Additionally, it is used as a bulk-forming laxative to manage constipation by increasing stool mass and moisture content through its water-retentive properties. CMC is also widely employed as a stabilizer and viscosity-increasing agent in various drug formulations and food products, where it is generally recognized as safe (FDA). Its therapeutic effects are primarily mediated through physical and mechanical interactions with tissues rather than specific biochemical signaling pathways.

Other names

CarmelloseSodium carboxymethyl celluloseCellulose gumSodium CMCE466

Carboxymethylcellulose acts as a lubricant and mucoadhesive agent that binds to the corneal epithelium, increasing the viscosity of the tear film and prolonging its stability on the ocular surface (PubChem CID 23706213). In the gastrointestinal tract, it functions as a bulk-forming laxative by absorbing water, which increases stool volume and stimulates peristalsis (FDA).