Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5, Mucin 1, and Brachyury tumor-associated antigens (CEA/MUC1/Brachyury)

The target combination of CEACAM5, MUC1, and Brachyury represents a multi-antigen therapeutic strategy designed to address tumor heterogeneity and prevent immune escape in epithelial malignancies [1, 4]. CEACAM5 (Carcinoembryonic antigen) is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and is a well-established biomarker for colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancers [11, 12]. MUC1 is a transmembrane mucin that plays a critical role in cell signaling and the protection of epithelial surfaces, often becoming aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in cancer to promote survival and resistance [13, 15]. Brachyury is a T-box transcription factor that acts as a key driver of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process essential for tumor metastasis and the development of resistance to conventional therapies [13]. Together, these antigens are targeted by multi-antigen vaccine platforms, such as the Tri-Ad5 (ETBX-011/061/051) regimen, which utilizes recombinant adenovirus vectors to induce a robust cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells [2, 5]. This approach is currently being investigated in clinical trials for various solid tumors and as a preventive measure in high-risk conditions like Lynch syndrome [7, 10].

Other names

CEACarcinoembryonic antigenCD66eMUC-1CD227EMAEpithelial membrane antigenCA 15-3TBXTT-box transcription factor TT-gene product

Induction of a multi-antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response against tumor cells expressing CEACAM5, MUC1, and Brachyury, typically delivered via recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors [1, 6].