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Cardiac potassium, sodium, and calcium channels (No universal abbreviation for the group)
- Target
- No universal abbreviation for the group
- Molecular classification
- Ion channel, Voltage-gated ion channel, Voltage-gated sodium channel, Voltage-gated potassium channel, Voltage-gated calcium channel
01
Overview
Cardiac potassium, sodium, and calcium channels are ion-selective transmembrane proteins critical for the initiation and propagation of cardiac action potentials, thereby governing heart rhythm and contraction. Sodium channels (such as NaV1.5) initiate the rapid depolarization phase, calcium channels mediate plateau and excitation-contraction coupling, and potassium channels restore the resting membrane potential and limit excitability. These channels are prime therapeutic targets for antiarrhythmic drugs and are implicated in various cardiac pathologies, especially arrhythmias.
- Other names
- Cardiac ion channelHeart ion channelVoltage-gated sodium/potassium/calcium channel (VGSC, VGKC, VGCC)
02
Mechanism of action
Blockade or modulation of ion flow (sodium, potassium, calcium) Alteration of action potential duration/refractoriness Modification of conduction velocity Suppression or induction of arrhythmias
03
Biological functions
Electrical impulse generation (action potential initiation and propagation)Control of cardiac rhythmicity and contractilityCardiac conductionRegulation of membrane potentialExcitation-contraction coupling
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular diseaseArrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, long QT syndrome)Heart failureSudden cardiac death
05
Safety considerations
Risk of proarrhythmia (drug-induced arrhythmia, e.g., torsades de pointes)Off-target effects with non-specific ion channel drugsPotential for sudden cardiac deathElectrolyte imbalances exacerbating channel dysfunction
06
Interacting drugs
Class I antiarrhythmics (sodium channel blockers)
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Electrocardiogram (ECG) intervals (QT, QRS, PR) as indirect markers of channel activityMutational analysis (e.g., SCN5A mutations for sodium channelopathies)Serum potassium/calcium levels (indirect)
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