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Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1)
- Target
- CT-1
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, Interleukin-6 family cytokine
01
Overview
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine encoded by the CTF1 gene, most notably characterized as a cardiac hypertrophic factor belonging to the interleukin-6 cytokine superfamily. It is secreted and acts by binding to a receptor complex composed of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), thereby activating downstream JAK/STAT and PI-3 kinase signaling pathways. CT-1 plays multifaceted roles in cardiovascular regulation, neural development, bone remodeling, and metabolic homeostasis. Its expression is heightened in pathological states such as heart failure and is involved both in adaptive and maladaptive tissue remodeling. CT-1 is therefore a promising therapeutic target as well as a biomarker for several human diseases, although safety concerns exist due to its broad biological activity.
- Other names
- Cardiotrophin 1CTF1CT-1CT1cardiotrophin-1cardiophin 1
02
Mechanism of action
Recombinant CT-1 engages gp130/LIFR receptor complex to activate JAK/STAT and PI-3 kinase signaling cascades, inducing hypertrophy and improving metabolic homeostasis. Potential modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by promoting fatty acid oxidation.
03
Biological functions
Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy inductionSignal transduction via gp130/LIFR receptor complexActivation of PI-3 kinase in cardiac myocytesPromotion of NF-κB DNA binding activityRegulation of neural and skeletal developmentRegulation of astrocyte generationStimulation of osteoblast activity and bone mineralizationMaster regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy)Bone diseases (e.g., abnormal bone remodeling, osteopetrosis)Neurodevelopmental disorders (through influence on neural development)Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism)Cancer (role in breast cancer cell migration and invasion)
05
Safety considerations
Potential for pathological cardiac hypertrophy or adverse cardiac remodeling if CT-1 is excessively activatedUnknown risks with recombinant CT-1 or CT-1 modulation due to the cytokine's pleiotropic effects—further investigation required
06
Interacting drugs
None directly referenced in major curated databases; recombinant CT-1 is under investigation
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Elevated CT-1 gene or protein expression is a biomarker for heart failure severity and cardiac remodelingCT-1 levels may signify disease activity in metabolic syndrome and some bone disorders
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