Cartilage Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

The cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly specialized, dense network of macromolecules that provides the structural and functional foundation for cartilage tissue. It constitutes over 90% of the volume in articular cartilage, with chondrocytes—the primary cell type—making up less than 10%. The ECM is essential for maintaining tissue integrity, enabling load-bearing functions, and supporting joint movement. It is composed mainly of type II collagen fibers interwoven with aggrecan-rich proteoglycans and organized into distinct zones around chondrocytes affecting both structure and signaling roles. Degradation or abnormal remodeling leads to loss of function seen in degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis.

Modulation of ECM remodeling