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Caspase-3 is a crucial cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) that plays a central role in the execution phase of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It is encoded by the CASP3 gene. Caspase-3 acts as an "executioner" caspase, responsible for dismantling cellular components during apoptosis, leading to chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Activation occurs via proteolytic cleavage at specific aspartic acid residues by initiator caspases. Elevated levels or fragments can serve as biomarkers in diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular events.
Caspase-3 inhibitors block the execution phase of apoptosis by preventing the cleavage of downstream substrates.
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