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CD151 molecule (Raph blood group) (CD151)

Target: CD151
Molecular classification: Tetraspanin (transmembrane 4 superfamily), Cell-surface glycoprotein, Membrane protein

Overview

CD151 molecule (Raph blood group), commonly abbreviated as CD151, is a tetraspanin family cell surface glycoprotein that organizes membrane protein complexes by binding integrins and other tetraspanins. It plays a key role in processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation through signal transduction and modulation of integrin function. CD151 has pathogenic roles in cancer metastasis, respiratory disease, and certain immunological and genetic disorders. Its wide tissue expression and involvement in cellular signaling make it both a biomarker and a promising therapeutic target, though its essential role in normal tissue homeostasis presents notable safety and specificity challenges.

Other names: CD151TSPAN24Platelet-endothelial tetraspan antigen 3 (PETA-3)SFA-1GP27Membrane glycoprotein SFA-1Platelet surface glycoprotein gp27Tetraspanin-24RAPHEBS7MER2Raph blood group antigenHemidesmosomal tetraspanin CD151

Mechanism of action

Inhibition/antagonism of integrin-CD151 interactions (to block cell migration/metastasis) Antibody-based inhibitors to disrupt CD151 function or cell surface expression Modulation of immune activation (potential immunotherapeutic application)

Biological functions

Cell adhesionCell migration/motilityCell proliferationSignal transductionImmune cell activation (T-cell activation)Integrin trafficking and regulationBasement membrane assemblyTumor initiation and metastasis

Disease associations

Cancer (tumor progression, metastasis)Respiratory diseases (asthma, influenza, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)Epidermolysis bullosa (skin fragility disorder)Immunological disorders (T-cell activation marker)Cardiovascular disease (platelet function)

Safety considerations

Potential off-target effects due to ubiquitous expression in normal tissues, raising concerns for adverse events in immune modulation, wound healing, and homeostasisPlatelet aggregation or vascular complications from targeting CD151Risk of immune dysregulation

Interacting drugs

No approved drugs directly target CD151 as of 2024; however, investigational agents targeting tetraspanins, and CD151-inhibiting antibodies, are in preclinical or early clinical development for cancer and fibrosis

Biomarkers

CD151 expression as a marker for T-cell activationCD151 protein levels as a prognostic marker in lung cancer and asthmaCD151 as a screening or prognostic tool in fibrosis and other cancers

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