CD180 antigen (CD180) (CD180)

CD180 antigen, also known as RP105, is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, primarily expressed on the surface of B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (UniProt Q99467). Structurally, it contains extracellular leucine-rich repeats but lacks the intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain characteristic of other TLRs, necessitating an association with the MD-1 (LY86) protein for functional signaling (NCBI Gene ID: 7297). CD180 plays a pivotal role in regulating B-cell activation, proliferation, and survival, often functioning as a co-receptor that modulates signals from the B-cell receptor (BCR) and other TLRs like TLR4 (PubMed: 10887060). In clinical contexts, altered CD180 expression is a hallmark of several conditions; for instance, a high percentage of CD180-negative B cells is observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), while its expression levels serve as a prognostic marker in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (PubMed: 22431845). Although no CD180-targeted therapies are currently FDA-approved, experimental monoclonal antibodies are being investigated for their potential to modulate immune responses in autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies (PubMed: 26407134).

Other names

RP105Lymphocyte antigen 180LY180Radioprotective 105 kDa protein

Modulation of B-cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways via agonistic or antagonistic antibody binding.