CD180 molecule (CD180)

CD180 molecule (CD180) is a cell surface receptor, structurally related to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, most notably TLR4, but lacking the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain typical of classical TLRs[1][2][3]. It is predominantly expressed on B cells and dendritic cells. The extracellular region contains leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and physically associates with the accessory molecule MD-1 (LY86) to form the CD180/MD-1 complex at the cell surface[1][2][3][4]. CD180 is involved in the recognition and signaling of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cooperation with TLR4, playing a critical role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses—particularly in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells. Activation of CD180 induces the NF-κB signaling pathway and promotes B-cell survival and immunoglobulin production[1][2][3][4]. CD180 has been implicated in the pathogenesis and prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is being investigated as both a biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in immune-mediated diseases[1][4].

Other names

RP105LY64Ly78Lymphocyte antigen 64Radioprotective 105 kDa proteinCD180 antigenlymphocyte antigen-64radioprotective 105kDa proteinRP105/MD-1 complexBgp-95

Agonistic antibodies: stimulate CD180, leading to B-cell activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin production[4].