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Target intelligence / Profile preview
CD5 antigen-like (CD5L)
- Target
- CD5L
- Molecular classification
- Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily, Pattern recognition receptor, Soluble circulating immunomodulator
01
Overview
CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) is a secreted, 36–40 kDa protein primarily produced by tissue-resident macrophages, especially in lymphoid and inflamed tissues[1][2][3][6]. Structurally, it contains three SRCR domains, which confer broad ligand recognition capacity[1][7]. In blood, CD5L binds to the J-chain of IgM pentamers, forming stable complexes and influencing B cell and IgM receptor interactions[4][5][7]. Functionally, CD5L supports macrophage survival by inhibiting apoptosis, regulates lipid metabolism in adipocytes via CD36-mediated uptake, modulates Th17 cell immune programs, and participates in pattern recognition and autophagy, especially during infection[1][2][3][7]. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic, autoimmune, and infectious conditions, making it a promising therapeutic target[2][3][7].
- Other names
- AIM (Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage)SpalphaAPI6hAIMCT-2IgM-associated peptideApoptosis inhibitor 6SP-alphaUNQ203/PRO229PRO229
02
Mechanism of action
(Experimental/therapeutic proposals) Drugs targeting CD5L would theoretically impact its macrophage survival-promoting actions, cytokine modulation, lipid metabolism effects, and its role in immune complex formation with IgM[7][2][3].
03
Biological functions
Immune response regulationInhibition of apoptosis (particularly in macrophages)Lipid metabolism regulationPattern recognition (binds pathogens/DAMPs)Autophagy inductionModulation of inflammatory responsesT-helper 17 (Th17) cell metabolic and immune function regulation
04
Disease associations
Obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseasesAtherosclerosisFatty liver diseaseHepatocellular carcinomaAutoimmunityInfection (bacterial, fungal, and viral)Multiple sclerosisKidney diseases (acute kidney injury)Ocular hypertension
05
Safety considerations
Modulation of CD5L could have divergent outcomes: while inhibiting harmful inflammation, it might reduce host defense or interfere with beneficial apoptotic resolution in macrophages[2].Conflicting effects in infectious disease and inflammation models—both protective and potentially deleterious[2].Immune dysregulation and metabolic disturbances due to its central role in these processes.
06
Interacting drugs
No approved or investigational drugs directly targeting CD5L have been described in the literature as of present; however, its potential as a drug target is under investigation[7].
07
Biomarkers
Serum/free CD5L protein (for inflammation, infection, and metabolic activity monitoring)CD5L-bound IgM complexes (circulatory biomarker for immunological and inflammatory disorders)[4][5]
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