CD83 antigen (CD83)

CD83 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein predominantly expressed on mature dendritic cells, activated T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some thymic epithelial cells in mammals. The human protein is encoded by the CD83 gene on chromosome 6p23 and consists of an extracellular Ig-like V domain, a transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Both membrane-bound (mCD83) and soluble (sCD83) forms exist: mCD83 is a potent marker for mature dendritic cells and is involved in antigen presentation, while sCD83 has immune-suppressive properties. CD83 regulates immune responses, controls T and B cell differentiation, and maintains peripheral tolerance predominantly through modulating dendritic cell phenotype and influencing regulatory T cell functions. Its immune checkpoint-like activity gives CD83 therapeutic relevance for autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and certain viral infections, with monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins in preclinical and early clinical-stage studies. Potential risks include over-immune suppression and impaired pathogen clearance.

Other names

Cluster of Differentiation 83CD83 moleculeB-cell activation proteincell surface antigen CD83

Immune suppression (soluble CD83); Immunomodulation by antagonizing E3 ubiquitin ligases affecting costimulatory molecules and MHC II stability; Promotion of immune tolerance by supporting regulatory T cells (Treg) and modulating dendritic cell activity