Cell membrane and tear film lipid layer

The cell membrane and tear film lipid layer (TFLL) are fundamental lipid-based structures that serve as critical barriers in human physiology and are key targets in various therapeutic interventions. The TFLL is a complex mixture of polar and non-polar lipids secreted by the meibomian glands, forming the outermost layer of the tear film to prevent aqueous evaporation and maintain ocular surface stability [1]. Cell membranes, primarily composed of phospholipid bilayers, define cellular boundaries and regulate the transport of ions and molecules essential for life [2]. In the context of dry eye disease, the TFLL is targeted by lipid-containing eye drops designed to replenish the oily layer and reduce symptoms of evaporative dry eye [3]. Additionally, cell membranes are the site of action for certain antimicrobial agents, such as daptomycin and polymyxins, which selectively bind to and disrupt the lipid architecture of bacterial cells [4]. Therapeutic strategies focusing on these structures often aim to either restore barrier integrity or exploit membrane composition differences for selective toxicity [5]. Sources: [1] Willcox MD, et al. TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report. Ocul Surf. 2017; [2] Alberts B, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. 2002; [3] Jones L, et al. TFOS DEWS II Management and Therapy Report. Ocul Surf. 2017; [4] Humphrey S, et al. Daptomycin: a novel lipopeptide antibiotic. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005; [5] Daull P, et al. Lipid-based eye drops for dry eye disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2016.

Other names

Biological membraneLipid bilayerPrecorneal lipid layerMeibum layerPlasma membrane

Physical replenishment and stabilization of the tear film lipid layer to reduce aqueous evaporation; disruption of microbial cell membrane integrity through pore formation, depolarization, or extraction of membrane components.