Cellular adenovirus entry receptors

Cellular adenovirus entry receptors are a diverse set of host cell surface proteins and glycans that facilitate the multi-step process of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection [2, 4]. The primary attachment is typically mediated by the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for most serotypes, or by CD46 and Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) for others, particularly those in subgroup B [3, 7, 12]. Following attachment, the viral penton base interacts with secondary receptors, primarily members of the integrin family (such as alpha-V beta-3 and alpha-V beta-5), to trigger clathrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequent viral uncoating [4, 6, 7]. These receptors are critical in determining viral tropism and are significant targets in both antiviral drug development and the engineering of adenovirus-based gene therapy and oncolytic vectors [1, 12, 14]. Modulating these interactions, for instance through the use of decoy receptors or small molecule inhibitors like suramin, represents a strategy to combat severe adenoviral infections [10]. Conversely, the expression levels of these receptors serve as vital biomarkers for predicting the efficacy and safety of adenovirus-mediated therapeutic delivery [13, 20].

Other names

Adenovirus receptorsAdRsHAdV receptorsCoxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)Membrane cofactor protein (CD46)Desmoglein-2 (DSG2)IntegrinsCXADRMCP

Inhibition of viral attachment to host receptors, blockade of viral internalization via integrins, and use of soluble decoy receptors to sequester viral particles.