Cellular antioxidant enzyme (No single canonical abbreviation exists for "cellular antioxidant enzyme" as it encompasses multiple distinct enzymes (e.g., SOD for superoxide dismutase, CAT for catalase, GPx for glutathione peroxidase).)

Cellular antioxidant enzymes comprise several families—including superoxide dismutases, catalases, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins—that play essential roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). These enzymatic systems form part of the body's multi-layered defense against oxidative stress alongside small-molecule antioxidants like vitamins C/E and glutathione. They are critical both for maintaining cellular homeostasis under normal conditions and limiting tissue injury during pathological states associated with increased ROS production such as cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, aging-related disorders, among others. While their upregulation generally confers protection against cell damage from free radicals generated during metabolism or environmental exposure, recent research highlights complex regulatory roles—including potential prooxidant effects—depending on context.

Other names

Antioxidant enzymeCellular ROS-scavenging enzymeEnzymatic antioxidants

For drugs targeting these pathways: - Scavenging ROS/RNS by enzymatic conversion into less harmful molecules. - Upregulation or replacement therapy using mimetic compounds. - Indirect support via precursor supplementation.