Cellular antioxidant pathway

Cellular antioxidant pathways encompass enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms that maintain redox homeostasis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals, thus preventing oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. These pathways include the activity of key enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and regulatory genes controlled by transcription factors like NRF2. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (such as glutathione, vitamins C and E) scavenge free radicals directly. Collectively, these systems modulate cell signaling, protect against cell death, and influence disease development—including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and inflammation. Importantly, antioxidant therapy is context-dependent, and excessive intervention may impede normal cellular or immune function.

Other names

Antioxidant defense systemCellular redox systemCellular antioxidant network

Free radical scavenging Upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (e.g., via NRF2 pathway) Augmentation of glutathione synthesis or recycling Protection of biomolecules from oxidation