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Cellular DNA polymerase beta (Pol β)
- Target
- Pol β
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, DNA Polymerase
01
Overview
Cellular DNA polymerase beta (Pol β or POLB) is an essential eukaryotic enzyme primarily involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. It repairs damaged or incorrect bases in DNA, maintaining genomic stability. Pol β has both DNA polymerase and dRP lyase activities, filling single-nucleotide gaps and removing sugar-phosphate residues during BER. Deficiency or reduced expression impairs BER, leading to unrepaired DNA damage, a phenomenon observed during aging. Overexpression or mutation can be associated with cancer development due to faulty repair mechanisms. While primarily a nuclear enzyme, it can also participate in mitochondrial BER.
- Other names
- POLBDNA polymerase beta
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibiting DNA polymerase beta activity can sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. Activating DNA polymerase beta could potentially improve DNA repair.
03
Biological functions
Base excision repair (BER)DNA gap-filling synthesis5'-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activityNuclear genome maintenanceMitochondrial genome maintenance
04
Disease associations
Aging-related declineCancerGenomic instability
05
Safety considerations
Dysregulation can lead to genomic instability and cancerInhibition can impair DNA repair
06
Biomarkers
POLB mRNA expression levelsPOLB protein expression levels
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