Cellular macromolecules modified by ionizing radiation

Cellular macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, are fundamental components of living cells that can be modified following exposure to ionizing radiation through direct energy deposition or indirectly via reactive chemical species generated during water radiolysis (particularly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species). These modifications result in structural and functional damage that underpins the biological effects of radiation—including mutagenesis, cell cycle disruption, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Such damage is not confined to a unique molecular target but rather represents a widespread impact on numerous intracellular molecules, making this concept a description of a process rather than a specific molecular entity.

Other names

Radiation-damaged biomoleculesIR-modified cellular macromoleculesMacromolecular radiation targetsRadiolytic biomolecules