Cellular membrane and organelle

Cellular membranes are lipid bilayers embedded with various proteins, functioning as selective barriers, signaling interfaces, and structural elements separating the interior and exterior of the cell and the internal compartments of eukaryotic cells[2][3][5][6]. Organelles are specialized subcellular structures with defined functions, often membrane-bound (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome), and are responsible for distinct physiological processes including energy production, protein synthesis, waste degradation, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis[1][4][5][7]. Both membranes and organelles are fundamental to cell structure and function, and defects in their integrity or operation are implicated in virtually all cell-based diseases[3][5][7].

Other names

Cell membranes and cell organellesplasma membrane and organellessubcellular compartments