Cellular metabolism in kidney tissue

Cellular metabolism in kidney tissue encompasses the sum of biochemical processes sustaining the function and viability of kidney cells, including energy production (glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation), biosynthesis, redox balance, substrate transport (via specific transporters such as sodium, amino acid, and glucose transporters), and detoxification. Metabolic processes vary between different nephron segments and cell types, such as proximal tubule cells, collecting duct cells, podocytes, and interstitial cells, reflecting their specialized physiological roles in filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and maintenance of homeostasis. Disruption of metabolic pathways is involved in kidney diseases including acute and chronic kidney injury, and is central to the metabolic reprogramming observed in renal cell carcinoma. Studies employ transcriptomics, proteomics, and spatial metabolomics to map metabolic activity at single-cell resolution, which has advanced understanding of disease classification and progression in kidney pathology.