Cellular metallome

The cellular metallome refers to the comprehensive distribution and identity of metal and metalloid species within a cell, including free ions, coordination complexes, and metal-bound proteins known as metalloproteins [1]. It is estimated that nearly half of all enzymes require a metal ion, such as iron, zinc, or copper, for their catalytic function or structural stability, making the metallome essential for fundamental processes like respiration, DNA synthesis, and antioxidant defense [2]. Disruptions in the homeostasis of the metallome, such as the pathological accumulation of iron or copper, are central to the development of diseases like hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, and various neurodegenerative conditions [3]. Pharmacological intervention typically involves the use of chelating agents to sequester and remove excess metals or the administration of metal-based drugs, such as platinum-containing chemotherapeutics, which interact with cellular components to induce apoptosis in malignant cells [4]. Because the metallome represents a systemic collection of diverse chemical species rather than a single protein or receptor, it is classified as a biological system or a field of study (metallomics) rather than a discrete therapeutic target [5]. Sources: [1] Mounicou, S., et al. (2009) Chem. Soc. Rev.; [2] Waldron, K. J., et al. (2009) Nature; [3] Barnham, K. J., & Bush, A. I. (2014) Chem. Soc. Rev.; [4] Anthony, E. J., et al. (2020) Chem. Commun.; [5] Maret, W. (2010) Mol. BioSyst.

Other names

MetallomeIntracellular metal poolCellular metal ion homeostasis systemMetallomics

Metal chelation to remove toxic excess, metal ion replacement therapy for deficiencies, and the use of metal-coordinated complexes to induce DNA damage or inhibit specific enzymatic pathways.