Cellular plasma membrane (PM) (PM)

The cellular plasma membrane is a semi-permeable lipid bilayer that defines the boundary of the cell, separating the intracellular environment from the extracellular space [1]. It is composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and embedded proteins that facilitate essential processes such as signal transduction, nutrient transport, and ion homeostasis [1]. While not a single molecular target, the plasma membrane serves as a critical site for pharmacological intervention, particularly for antimicrobial agents that disrupt membrane integrity or form lethal pores [2]. In diseases like cancer, the composition and fluidity of the plasma membrane are often altered, affecting receptor signaling and drug uptake [3]. Drugs targeting the membrane, such as polymyxins or polyene antifungals, often rely on differences in lipid composition between host and pathogen cells to achieve selectivity [4]. However, because the membrane is a complex cellular structure rather than a discrete protein, drugs acting on it often face challenges regarding systemic toxicity and therapeutic index [2].

Other names

Cell membraneCytoplasmic membranePlasmalemmaLipid bilayer

Drugs targeting the cellular plasma membrane typically act through direct physical disruption of the lipid bilayer, the formation of transmembrane pores that lead to ion leakage and cell death, or the sequestration of specific membrane lipids such as ergosterol in fungi [2, 4].