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Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1)
- Target
- CEMP1
- Molecular classification
- Other (Extracellular matrix protein), Protein (Non-enzymatic, non-receptor signaling protein)
01
Overview
Cementum protein 1 (CEMP1) is a protein expressed primarily by cementoblasts and certain periodontal ligament progenitor cells, involved in the regulation of cementogenesis, the mineralization process forming cementum on tooth roots[1][3][5]. It binds hydroxyapatite and guides biomineralization, promoting cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mineral tissue development[3][4][5]. CEMP1 has shown promise for bone and dental tissue regeneration, as recombinant CEMP1 can induce mineralizing phenotypes in non-osteogenic cells and promote repair of bone defects in animal models[2]. However, CEMP1 can transform normal fibroblasts into a cancer-like phenotype in vitro and is overexpressed in several cancers, raising safety concerns for therapeutic applications[2]. Thus, while considered a therapeutic target for regenerative dental medicine, its oncogenic potential necessitates careful use and further study.
- Other names
- Cementoblastoma-derived protein 1CP-23Cementum protein 23cementum protein-23CP23cementoblastoma-derived protein 1CEMP1 proteinCEMP1_HUMAN
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable; no drugs identified; however, CEMP1 overexpression induces mineralization and cellular transformation[2].
03
Biological functions
Biomineral tissue development (regulates cementogenesis and enhances mineralization)[3][2][5]Cell population proliferation (promotes proliferation of cementoblasts and fibroblasts)[3][4]Cell differentiation (promotes differentiation of progenitor cells into cementoblasts)[1][3]Cell migration (stimulates migration of periodontal ligament cells)[4]Apoptosis and cell cycle (modulates cell death and cell cycle genes in transformed cells)[2]
04
Disease associations
Cancer (transforms fibroblasts in vitro; expressed in several cancers including leukemia, breast, prostate, cervix, and lung cancer)[2]Bone and dental defects (potential role in regeneration/mineralization of bone and dental tissues)[1][2]Other diseases linked by gene association, e.g. geotrichosis, cryptosporidiosis (rare, per gene association)[3]
05
Safety considerations
Possible oncogenic potential when used therapeutically (CEMP1 overexpression transforms normal cells and is upregulated in cancer)[2]Need for caution in therapeutic use for tissue regeneration due to risk of promoting tumor development[2]
06
Biomarkers
Marker for cementoblasts and cementoblast progenitors[1][3]Proposed biomarker for cementogenesis and periodontal tissue regeneration[2]Potential cancer biomarker (overexpressed in several human cancers)[2]
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