Central and gut–brain stress-related pathways (GBA) (GBA)

The central and gut–brain stress-related pathways represent a complex, bidirectional communication network that integrates the central nervous system (CNS) with the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the gastrointestinal tract (Carabotti et al., 2015, Annals of Gastroenterology). This system utilizes neural, endocrine, and immune signaling to maintain homeostasis and coordinate the body's response to psychological and physical stressors. Key mediators include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and signaling molecules like corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which regulate gut motility, permeability, and immune function (Taché et al., 2018, Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience). Dysregulation of these pathways is a hallmark of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and is increasingly linked to psychiatric conditions like anxiety and depression (Konturek et al., 2011, Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology). While the pathway itself is not a single molecular target, it contains numerous specific targets—including CRF receptors and serotonin transporters—that are the focus of therapeutic intervention to treat stress-related disorders. Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing holistic treatments that address the interplay between mental health and digestive function.

Other names

Gut-brain axisMicrobiota-gut-brain axisBrain-gut axisHPA-gut axis

Modulation of the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system via the HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, and neuro-immune signaling pathways (Carabotti et al., 2015, Annals of Gastroenterology).