Centromere protein A (CENP-A)

Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a histone H3 variant that serves as the principal epigenetic marker defining the position of the centromere on chromosomes in almost all eukaryotes, including humans[3][5]. By replacing canonical histone H3 in a subset of centromeric nucleosomes, CENP-A ensures correct kinetochore assembly and thus accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis[1][3][5]. CENP-A–containing nucleosomes are critical for heritable propagation of centromere identity and function independently of underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on a self-sustaining, epigenetic mechanism[3][5]. It directly interacts with proteins such as CENP-C and CENP-N to anchor kinetochore components[3][5]. Proper localization and function of CENP-A are essential; its misregulation is linked to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of many cancers[5][3]. Additionally, CENP-A is a known autoantigen in some autoimmune diseases[3]. No drugs currently target CENP-A directly, but it is under investigation as a cancer biomarker, and experimental efforts are ongoing to modulate its levels for research or therapeutic purposes[5][3].

Other names

Histone H3-like centromeric protein ACENPACentromere autoantigen ACenH3centromere-specific histone17kDa centromere protein