Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF)

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a structurally unique neurotrophic protein belonging to an atypical family (with MANF/mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) that regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, conferring protection and promoting survival of neurons exposed to toxic, oxidative, or protein-misfolding stressors. CDNF operates both extracellularly as a trophic factor and intracellularly within the ER, and, unlike classic neurotrophic factors, does not act through a membrane receptor. Its most studied application is in Parkinson’s disease, where preclinical and early clinical results show neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on dopaminergic neurons. CDNF’s functions span beyond dopamine modulation, playing roles in regulation of various neurotransmitter circuits, neuroplasticity, and suppression of inflammation and apoptosis. Due to these properties, CDNF and its derivatives are actively explored as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders.

Other names

CDNFARMETL1Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor protein

Exogenous (administered) CDNF protein enters cells, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, and regulates ER stress and UPR, leading to neuroprotection and prevention of neuronal death. Modulates inflammatory signaling and apoptosis pathways. Supports maturation and survival of various neuronal subtypes, especially dopaminergic neurons.