Chelation of Heavy Metals

Chelation of heavy metals refers to the process by which chelating agents form stable complexes with toxic metal ions, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. This process is central to both natural detoxification mechanisms in living organisms and medical interventions for heavy metal poisoning. The effectiveness of a chelator depends on its ability to reach sites where metals are stored, form stable complexes at physiological pH, resist biotransformation in the body, and facilitate safe excretion without increasing toxicity. Chelation therapy is medically indicated only for acute or chronic poisoning by specific heavy metals. Potential risks include mobilization of toxic metals into sensitive organs if weak chelators unbind before elimination and depletion of essential trace elements.

Formation of stable multi-dentate ligand-metal complexes