Chemokine and cytokine receptors

Chemokine and cytokine receptors are a diverse group of cell-surface proteins that mediate the effects of cytokines and chemokines, which are essential signaling molecules in the immune system [8, 10]. Chemokine receptors are primarily G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that coordinate leukocyte trafficking and migration to sites of inflammation or injury [3, 4, 11]. Cytokine receptors, which include various families such as the interleukin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamilies, regulate cell growth, differentiation, and inflammatory responses through pathways like JAK-STAT and NF-κB [11, 13]. Dysregulation of these receptors is a hallmark of numerous diseases, including chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and various cancers where they promote tumor growth and metastasis [1, 2, 18]. Consequently, they are major therapeutic targets, with drugs like maraviroc and tocilizumab designed to block their signaling to treat infections, inflammation, and malignancy [4, 12, 16]. However, targeting these receptors carries risks such as immunosuppression and cytokine release syndrome due to their fundamental roles in host defense [9, 10, 13].

Other names

Cytokine receptorsChemokine receptorsInterleukin receptorsInterferon receptorsTumor necrosis factor receptorsGrowth factor receptors

Receptor antagonism, competitive inhibition, allosteric modulation, and signal transduction inhibition.