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Medullary Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)
- Target
- CTZ
- Molecular classification
- Brain Region, Sensory Structure
01
Overview
The medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is a specialized area in the medulla oblongata that detects emetic agents in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Located within the area postrema on the floor of the fourth ventricle, it lies outside the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to sense circulating toxins and drugs. Upon detection of these substances, it sends signals to the vomiting center to initiate emesis. It contains dopamine, serotonin, histamine, acetylcholine, substance P and opioid receptors. While not a single targetable molecule itself, antiemetic drugs often target receptors within the CTZ to prevent nausea and vomiting. Note that emotional/psychological triggers bypass CTZ entirely.
- Other names
- Chemoreceptor Trigger ZoneArea Postrema (functional component)Vomiting Center Trigger Zone
02
Mechanism of action
N/A - Brain region, not a single molecule
03
Biological functions
Detection of emetic agentsInitiation of vomiting reflexToxin detectionRegulation of nausea and vomiting
04
Disease associations
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)Nausea and vomiting associated with toxins and drugs
05
Safety considerations
Overstimulation leading to excessive vomitingHypersensitivity to emetic stimuliContribution to opioid-induced nausea and vomiting
06
Interacting drugs
Dopamine antagonists
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