Chitin synthase enzyme (CHS)

Chitin synthase is a membrane-associated glycosyltransferase enzyme (EC 2.4.1.16) responsible for catalyzing the polymerization of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, a linear β-1,4-linked polymer critical for structural stability in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons and gut linings of arthropods, and other chitin-producing organisms. Chitin synthase enzymes are not present in vertebrates or flowering plants, making them attractive targets for antifungal drugs and ecologically focused insecticides. Multiple CHS isoenzymes exist with specialized roles in septum synthesis, lateral wall formation, and spore production. Proper function and regulation of chitin synthase are essential for growth, morphogenesis, and survival of target organisms. Inhibition, either genetically or pharmacologically, causes disruption of cell integrity leading to lysis or failed molt, and is exploited in both pharmaceutical and agricultural pest control.

Other names

Chitin synthetaseChitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferaseChitin uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferaseTrans-N-acetylglucosaminylaseUDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase

Inhibition of enzyme catalytic activity blocks chitin biosynthesis, weakening or preventing cell wall formation in fungi or exoskeleton formation in insects, resulting in death or developmental arrest