Chloride Channel (None)

Chloride channels are a diverse group of anion-selective membrane proteins that facilitate the passive movement of chloride ions and, in some cases, other anions across cellular membranes. They play essential roles in maintaining ion homeostasis, regulating cell volume, controlling electrical excitability, and supporting transepithelial transport in various tissues. Dysfunction or mutations in specific chloride channel genes cause diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation) or myotonia congenita (ClC‑1 mutation). Chloride channels are targets for drug development aimed at treating these conditions among others.

Chloride channel opening allows rapid movement of chloride ions down their electrochemical gradient, resulting in hyperpolarization or depolarization. Some CLC family members act as electrogenic antiporters.