Choriogonadotropin subunit beta (beta-hCG)

Choriogonadotropin subunit beta (beta-hCG) is the unique beta subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, distinguishable from other glycoprotein hormone beta subunits by its sequence and glycosylation. It is encoded by six highly homologous genes on chromosome 19q13.3 and comprises 145–165 amino acids with extensive glycosylation and multiple disulfide bonds. The beta subunit confers biological specificity, driving receptor binding and subsequent signal transduction. In early pregnancy, it is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast and maintains the corpus luteum, allowing sustained progesterone production that is crucial for endometrial maintenance. As a biomarker, beta-hCG is widely measured for pregnancy detection and in oncology for identifying certain tumors. Exogenous or recombinant beta-hCG is used clinically for inducing ovulation and supporting assisted reproductive procedures.

Other names

Human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunitBeta-hCGhCG-betaCGBChoriogonadotropin chain betaCG-beta

Mimics luteinizing hormone (LH) to stimulate LH/hCG receptor Promotes ovulation in infertility therapy Stimulates testosterone production in males Maintains corpus luteum for progesterone production