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Cingulin (CGN)
- Target
- CGN
- Molecular classification
- Other (Cingulin is a scaffold protein; not a receptor, enzyme, transporter, ion channel, or transcription factor)
01
Overview
Cingulin (CGN) is a cytoplasmic protein localized at the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) of vertebrate epithelial and endothelial cells[1][2][3][4][5][7]. It is a homodimer composed of a globular N-terminal head domain, a long coiled-coil rod domain for dimerization, and a C-terminal tail region[2][5]. Cingulin interacts with tight junction proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, occludin, JAM-A), actin filaments, myosin II, and microtubules. These interactions play roles in the assembly and regulation of tight junctions, paracellular permeability, and the organization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Knockout mouse studies show that cingulin is dispensable for the basic structure and function of tight junctions, but modulates gene expression (notably claudin-2) and epithelial response to injury[3][5]. In human diseases, cingulin is variably expressed in carcinomas and may serve as a biomarker for epithelial differentiation, though its direct involvement in pathogenesis or as a drug target is currently unreported[4][5].
- Other names
- CingulinCGNKIAA1319
02
Biological functions
Tight junction organization and assemblyEpithelial cell morphogenesisMicrotubule cytoskeleton organizationRegulation of paracellular permeability barrierCadherin bindingRegulation of RhoA signalingActin filament bundling
03
Disease associations
Cancer (expression downregulated in some epithelial tumors, e.g., squamous carcinomas)Crouzon Syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (association reported)
04
Biomarkers
Marker of epithelial differentiationDiagnostic marker to distinguish adenocarcinomas from squamous carcinomas
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